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Inflammation involves the activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors, e.g., nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Administration of (−)-epicatechin to high-fructose-fed rats prevented NF-κB activation and up-regulation of the NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) in the kidney cortex. These results add mechanistic insights into the action of (−)-epicatechin diminishing inflammatory responses.

Graphical abstract: Dietary (−)-epicatechin affects NF-κB activation and NADPH oxidases in the kidney cortex of high-fructose-fed rats

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