* Corresponding authors

^a Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
E-mail: n.y.yip@columbia.edu
Tel: +1 212 8542984

^b Integrative Engineering Program, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA

^c Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA
E-mail: sohl@lafayette.edu
Tel: +1 610 3305447

^d Columbia Water Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA