Structural Polymorphism and Carrier Effects in Sodium-Ion Conducting Prussian Blue-Type Solid Electrolytes

Abstract

Prussian Blue analogues are renowned for their open-framework structures composed of CN- ligands, which distinguish them from conventional solid electrolyte materials. This study explores the effects of mobile carrier concentrations, water content, and structural integrity on the performance of solid electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries. Analyzing different phases of manganese hexacyanoferrate: cubic, monoclinic, and rhombohedral, we correlate Na+ and water content with lattice distortions and Na+ conductivity. Computational simulations corroborate experimental findings on activation energies and Coulombic interactions between Na+ and CN- ligands, taking into account carrier concentrations and structural polymorphism. The cubic phase, exhibiting lower Na+ content and comparable water content to the monoclinic phase, demonstrates the fastest Na+ migration and lowest activation energy. In terms of cell performance, the higher Na+ content of the monoclinic phase enhances cycle performance by reducing the chemical potential difference between manganese hexacyanoferrate and the anode. Monoclinic manganese hexacyanoferrate-based solid-state batteries enable stable cycle performance of a Na2Mn[Mn(CN)6] cathode, with discharge capacities of 60 mAh g-1 using a Mn(I)/Mn(II) redox couple and 120 mAh g-1 using dual redox couples of Mn(I)/Mn(II) and Mn(II)/Mn(III). This study underscores the critical role of Na+ and water content in optimizing Na+ conductivity and overall battery performance.

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
09 Jul 2025
Accepted
05 Aug 2025
First published
06 Aug 2025
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

EES Batteries, 2025, Accepted Manuscript

Structural Polymorphism and Carrier Effects in Sodium-Ion Conducting Prussian Blue-Type Solid Electrolytes

T. Kim, Y. Song, S. Ryu, S. H. Ahn, B. J. Park, C. Lee, M. Kim, D. Seo, S. Jung and H. Lee, EES Batteries, 2025, Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.1039/D5EB00129C

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